Introduction
The landscape of healthcare has been profoundly transformed by the advent of technology. From the early days of “eHealth” in the 1990s to the comprehensive “digital health” ecosystems of today, technology’s role in health services has evolved significantly. While “eHealth” initially denoted the use of electronic processes in healthcare, “digital health” now represents a broader transformation encompassing a wide array of digital technologies. This shift signifies not just a change in terminology but a fundamental evolution in how we perceive and implement technology in healthcare.
What is eHealth?
Historical Context
The term “eHealth” emerged in the late 1990s alongside other “e-terms” like email and e-commerce, reflecting the rapid growth of the internet. It was used to describe the application of electronic processes and communications to healthcare practices. This period marked the beginning of integrating digital tools to enhance healthcare delivery, efficiency, and accessibility.
Early Definitions and Variability
A 2005 systematic review by Oh et al. highlighted the lack of consensus on the definition of eHealth, despite its widespread use. While all definitions incorporated the themes of health and technology, there were varying emphases:
- Process of Care: Some definitions focused on how electronic tools facilitate healthcare delivery.
- Expected Outcomes: Others emphasized improvements in cost-effectiveness and efficiency.
- Commercial Aspects: Notably, very few definitions addressed the business side of eHealth.
The review also noted an optimistic attitude surrounding eHealth, with most definitions associating it with benefits, enhancements, and positive transformations in healthcare.
Key Takeaway
Despite the variations, the core concept of eHealth revolved around using electronic means to deliver and enhance health services. It was the initial step towards integrating technology into healthcare, aiming to improve processes and outcomes.
The Shift to Digital Health
Expanding Scope
As technology advanced, the scope of eHealth expanded beyond its initial focus. The emergence of mobile devices, wearable technologies, and sophisticated applications necessitated a broader term. The proliferation of terms like “mHealth,” “telehealth,” and “telecare” without clear distinctions added to the confusion and highlighted the need for a more encompassing term.
Need for Clarity
The fragmented landscape of eHealth, with overlapping and inconsistent terminology, created limitations. It hindered effective communication, implementation efforts, and the development of a cohesive strategy for integrating technology into healthcare.
HIMSS Definition
In response to this need for clarity, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) introduced a more comprehensive definition of digital health in 2020. HIMSS defines digital health as:
“The convergence of digital technologies with health, healthcare, living, and society to enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery and make medicine more personalized and precise.”
Key Takeaway
The shift to “digital health” reflects the integration of technology into all aspects of the health ecosystem. It represents a holistic approach that goes beyond electronic processes to encompass a wide range of digital innovations aimed at transforming healthcare delivery and outcomes.
What is Digital Health?
Focus on Empowerment
Digital health prioritizes empowering individuals and populations to manage their health and wellness proactively. It leverages technology to provide accessible information, tools, and resources that enable people to make informed decisions about their health.
Transforming Care Delivery
Digital health leverages a variety of technologies to transform traditional healthcare models:
- Telehealth and Telemedicine: Providing remote healthcare services through digital communication technologies.
- Mobile Health (mHealth): Using mobile devices and apps to support medical care and health education.
- Wearable Devices: Monitoring health metrics like heart rate, activity levels, and sleep patterns.
- Health Data Analytics: Utilizing big data to predict health trends and optimize treatments.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Employing AI for diagnostics, treatment recommendations, and workflow optimization.
Key Takeaway
Digital health is not just about technology; it’s about leveraging technology to improve health outcomes and patient experiences. It focuses on creating a more connected, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system.
The Canadian Context
Canadian Organizations Leading the Way
Canada is actively engaged in advancing digital health through key organizations:
- Canada Health Infoway: A national organization promoting digital health solutions and interoperability across the country.
- Digital Health Canada: Provides education, networking, and professional development for digital health professionals.
- Ontario Health (formerly eHealth Ontario): Works to integrate digital health services in Ontario, improving access and quality of care.
Infoway’s Role
Canada Health Infoway plays a pivotal role in developing digital health solutions:
- Interoperability Initiatives: Promoting standards that allow different healthcare systems to communicate effectively.
- Patient Portals and EHRs: Implementing electronic health records accessible to both patients and providers.
- Remote Care Programs: Facilitating telehealth services to reach remote and underserved populations.
Key Takeaway
Canadian organizations are at the forefront of digital health innovation, striving to create a more connected and patient-centered healthcare system that leverages technology to improve access, quality, and outcomes.
Conclusion
The evolution from eHealth to digital health signifies a significant shift in how technology is integrated into healthcare. Digital health represents a broader, more transformative approach that empowers individuals, enhances patient experiences, and revolutionizes care delivery models. As we continue to embrace digital health, it’s essential to engage in conversations about its potential and explore how digital tools can improve our own health and wellness.
Call to Action
We encourage you to become an active participant in the digital health movement:
- Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date with the latest digital health technologies and trends.
- Engage with Providers: Discuss digital health options with your healthcare providers.
- Explore Digital Tools: Utilize apps, wearables, and online resources to manage your health proactively.
By embracing digital health, we can work together to create a more connected, efficient, and patient-centered healthcare system.